Note that these are historical photos gleaned from the Web.
I remember looking upon these memorials in awe, and feeling a kind of childish metaphysical dread wash over me. Someone was killed here, I was thinking. Here, where I am standing.
At Bernauer Strasse, my father throws a pack of American cigarettes over the wall to East German workmen repairing the church roof (below). A well-intentioned if now seemingly ironic gift. They wave their thanks.
And also present, of course, were the defenders of the "free world" whose role, I later came to understand, was somewhat more complicated than my parents had led me to believe.
Partly as a result of that experience, I could never be a communist in the old "one party state + command economy" mode. On the other hand, the fact that Soviet-style communism was a monumental world-historical cock-up does not seem to me to imply that all things not-communism are therefore just fine and dandy, couldn't be better, exempt from criticism. The hard-edged capitalism we practice in America, and push on to the rest of the world, is no workers' paradise either. And while communism was blatantly undemocratic in many senses, our society creates all kinds of barriers to real democratic self-governance. We can do better.